Planned Plunder, the British Museum, and the 1868 Maqdala Expedition

In 1863, Emperor Tewodros II of Abyssinia took a British consul hostage; five years later, the British sent a punitive expedition. This military expedition shaped later campaigns in Sudan and West Africa in the1890s. What was new for Maqdala was the inclusion of a member of staff from the British Museum.

Lucia Patrizio Gunning and Debbie Challis argue that a letter from Charles Thomas Newton, keeper of the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities, illustrates that the plunder of cultural heritage was planned.

The acquisition of these objects through colonial violence constitutes a strong moral reason for their repatriation from the British Museum and the numerous institutions in which they are dispersed.

Understanding the planning involved in their plunder illustrates the entanglement of politics and imperialism with scientific and cultural institutions that constituted the backbone of Victorian Britain.